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| Great Wall of China |
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| Great Wall of China |
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| Great Wall of China |
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| Great Wall of China |
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| Great Wall of China |
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| Great Wall of China
Great Wall of China
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Satellite view is showing Great Wall of China (simplified Chinese: 长城; traditional Chinese: 長城; pinyin: cháng chéng; literally "Long (city) wall ")
" The long wall of 10,000 Li (里)" is a series of stone and earthen fortifications in China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 6th century BC and the 16th century. The wall(s) were built during the rule of successive Chinese dynasties to protect the northern borders of the Empire, to prevent the incursions and recurrent attacks of the Xiongnu (匈奴), a confederation of nomadic tribes who lived on the steppes north of China. To the Xiongnu, who lived mainly in the Ordos Desert a region poorly suited for agriculture, the settlements of imperial China must have appeared to them like self-service outlets. Chinese emperor Qin Shi Huang who unified China in 221 BC ordered the destruction of the wall sections that divided his new empire along the former state borders and the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's new northern frontier, this was the precursor version of the current Great Wall. After Quin, the Han, Sui, Northern and Jin dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost. Today, while some portions north of Beijing and near tourist centers have been preserved and even reconstructed, in many locations the Wall is in disrepair.
The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC;[3] these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall.[4] Especially famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall was reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty.
Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along theSilk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor.
The Great Wall stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east, to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi).[5] This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers.[5] Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi).[6]
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